Nagaland

Statehood and Formation

Nagaland, one of India’s northeastern states, became the 16th state of the Indian Union on December 1, 1963. The demand for a separate state began in the early 1950s, driven by the Naga National Council (NNC), which sought to protect the distinct identity of the Naga tribes. The formation of Nagaland was a result of negotiations between the Indian government and Naga leaders, culminating in the Nagaland State Act of 1962.

State at a Glance

• Capital: Kohima
• Largest City: Dimapur
• Official Language: English
• Population (2021): Approximately 2.2 million
• Area: 16,579 square kilometers
• Literacy Rate: Around 80%
• Major Tribes: Ao, Angami, Sema, Lotha, and Chakhesang

Brief History

Nagaland’s history is marked by the rich cultural heritage of its tribes. The British colonial administration brought Nagaland under its fold in the 19th century, incorporating it into Assam. Post-independence, tensions rose between Naga leaders and the Indian government, leading to a struggle for autonomy. The Shillong Accord of 1975 and the subsequent peace processes aimed to address these conflicts, although insurgency issues persisted for decades.

Geography

Nagaland is characterized by its hilly terrain, with the Naga Hills dominating the landscape. The state is bordered by Arunachal Pradesh to the north, Assam to the west, Manipur to the south, and Myanmar to the east. The climate varies from sub-tropical in the lowlands to temperate in the highlands, with significant rainfall during the monsoon season.

Important Rivers

Nagaland is home to several rivers that play a crucial role in its ecology and economy:

• Doyang River: The largest river in Nagaland, originating from the Wokha district and flowing into Assam.
• Dhansiri River: Flowing through the Dimapur district, it is an important tributary of the Brahmaputra.
• Jhanji River: Originating in Mokokchung, this river also contributes to the Brahmaputra basin.
• Tizu River: Flows through the central part of the state and is significant for irrigation and agriculture.

National Parks and Wildlife

Nagaland boasts rich biodiversity, preserved in its national parks and wildlife sanctuaries:

• Intanki National Park: Located in the Peren district, this park is known for its rich flora and fauna, including elephants, tigers, and hornbills.
• Pulie Badze Wildlife Sanctuary: Situated near Kohima, it is known for bird watching, especially the Blyth’s tragopan.
• Fakim Wildlife Sanctuary: Located in the Kiphire district, this sanctuary borders Myanmar and is home to various rare species like hoolock gibbons and the Naga flying squirrel.

Important Cities

• Kohima: The capital city, known for its historical significance, including the Battle of Kohima during World War II. It is also a cultural hub with the famous Hornbill Festival.
• Dimapur: The largest city and the commercial center of Nagaland, featuring the state’s only airport and major railhead. Dimapur is also an educational and industrial hub.
• Mokokchung: An important urban center for the Ao Naga tribe, known for its vibrant cultural scene and festivals.
• Wokha: Home to the Lotha tribe, it is known for its scenic beauty and the Doyang River.
• Tuensang: An important town in eastern Nagaland, it serves as a cultural and administrative center for several tribes.

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