![Indus Valley Civilization [3300-1300 BCE] | Comprehensive UPSC Notes](https://generalstudies.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Indus-Valley-Civilization.png "Indus Valley Civilization [3300-1300 BCE] | Comprehensive UPSC Notes 1")
The Harappan Civilisation was one of the four earliest civilizations of the world, along with the Civilisation of Mesopotamian Civilization between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the Shang Civilisation on River Hwang Ho, and the Egyptian Civilisation on the River Nile.
Category: Ancient History
Pandyan Dynasty [400 BCE-1618 CE]
![Pandyan Dynasty [400 BCE-1618 CE]](https://generalstudies.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Pandyan-Dynasty-UPSC-Notes.png "Pandyan Dynasty [400 BCE-1618 CE] 2")
The Pandyan dynasty was an ancient dynasty of South India, and one of the three great kingdoms of Tamilakam(The whole Tamil-speaking area of ancient times).
According to tradition, the Sangams were held in Madurai under the patronage of the Pandya rulers.
Indo Parthians [19 AD-226 AD]: Key Insights for UPSC and Other Competitive Exams
![Indo Parthians [19 AD-226 AD]: Key Insights for UPSC and Other Competitive Exams](https://generalstudies.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Takht-i-Bahi-e1700336645463.jpg "Indo Parthians [19 AD-226 AD]: Key Insights for UPSC and Other Competitive Exams 3")
The Indo-Parthians ruled an area covering parts of eastern Iran, various parts of Afghanistan, and the northwest regions of the Indian subcontinent.
Vedic Period – Political, Economical, Social and Religious Life of Vedic Aryans [1500BC-600BC]
![Vedic Period – Political, Economical, Social and Religious Life of Vedic Aryans [1500BC-600BC]](https://generalstudies.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/A-Comparative-Study-of-the-Early-and-Later-Vedic-Period.png "Vedic Period - Political, Economical, Social and Religious Life of Vedic Aryans [1500BC-600BC] 4")
The Rigveda gives us knowledge of the geographical extent of the Early Vedic period.
Vedic society was relatively egalitarian(following the principle that everyone should have equal rights)
Satapatha Brahmana throws light on migration of Aryans to the eastern Gangetic plains.
Chalcolithic Age in India: Notable Sites, Cultures, and Artifacts [3000 BCE-1500 BCE]
![Chalcolithic Age in India: Notable Sites, Cultures, and Artifacts [3000 BCE-1500 BCE]](https://generalstudies.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Chalcolithic-Period-in-India.png "Chalcolithic Age in India: Notable Sites, Cultures, and Artifacts [3000 BCE-1500 BCE] 5")
The Chalcolithic Period marks a significant stage in India, a transition period between the Stone Age and the Bronze Age. This period, which lasted roughly from around 4000 BCE to 1500 BCE, witnessed crucial advancements in technology, economy, and social organization.
Discover the Fascinating Indus Valley Civilization Sites in Gujarat: Dholavira, Lothal, and Surkotada
Explore the Indus Valley Civilization sites in Gujarat, including the UNESCO-listed Dholavira, the ancient trading port of Lothal, and the fascinating site of Surkotada.
Rashtrakuta Administration [753-982 CE]
![Rashtrakuta Administration [753-982 CE]](https://generalstudies.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Ellora-Caves-1-e1703874368525.jpg "Rashtrakuta Administration [753-982 CE] 7")
The Rashtrakuta dynasty, ruling from the 6th to the 10th century CE, was renowned for its administrative system. Under their governance, the empire flourished in terms of culture, economy, and military prowess.
Achievements of Kanishka UPSC Notes [127–150 CE]
![Achievements of Kanishka UPSC Notes [127–150 CE]](https://generalstudies.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Dharmarajika-stupa-Taxila-scaled-e1703536006645.jpg "Achievements of Kanishka UPSC Notes [127–150 CE] 8")
Kanishka, the most famous ruler of the Kushan Empire, reigned from 127 to 150 CE. Under his leadership, the empire reached its peak, extending across Central Asia, Afghanistan, and northern India.
Edicts of Ashoka [268-232 BCE]
![Edicts of Ashoka [268-232 BCE]](https://generalstudies.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Edicts-of-Ashoka.png "Edicts of Ashoka [268-232 BCE] 9")
The Edicts of Ashoka are inscriptions on pillars, boulders, and cave walls created by Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty during the 3rd century BCE.
Prehistoric Period [2.5 million BCE – 2000 BCE] – Lifestyle, Stone Tools, Notable Sites
![Prehistoric Period [2.5 million BCE – 2000 BCE] – Lifestyle, Stone Tools, Notable Sites](https://generalstudies.co.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/bhimbetka-rock-paintings.jpg "Prehistoric Period [2.5 million BCE - 2000 BCE] - Lifestyle, Stone Tools, Notable Sites 10")
Events before the invention of writing are considered pre-history. The Prehistoric Period in India can be broadly divided into three main phases: Paleolithic Age (2.6 million years ago – 10,000 BCE), Mesolithic Age (10,000 BCE – 6,000 BCE), Neolithic Age (6,000 BCE – 2,000 BCE).